Upconversion nanoparticles possess unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and medical treatments. However, their potential toxicity remains a significant concern. This review aims to provide a thorough analysis of the toxicity connected with upconversion nanoparticles. It explores various aspects,

Zinc oxide is a compound renowned for its remarkable ability to shield delicate skin. This soothing ingredient has long been utilized in a variety of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its outstanding protective qualities. Forming a physical defense on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively blocks harmful radiati